When creating figures for academic papers, the first thing we need to determine is the layout (dimensions) of the images. Designing and drawing on the wrong layout often leads to unnecessary trouble at the final submission stage. Guidelines for image layout requirements are usually clearly stated in the publisher’s Guide for Authors. If not, it's recommended that authors contact the publisher directly—this clarifies the requirements and demonstrates professionalism, attention to detail, and respect for the journal.

Here, we’ll briefly discuss the common layouts used in scientific figures.

Aside from a few specialized journals (such as Science and certain physics publications), most academic journals use a two-column layout. In this context, we focus on two key dimensions: L1 (single-column width) and L2 (double-column width).

When we begin designing and drawing a figure, the first thing to consider and determine is the width of the image—whether to adopt a single-column or double-column layout.As for the height, it can generally be adjusted freely.Below are examples of double-column and single-column layouts.

Science is driven by objective facts and rigorous logic; design emphasizes aesthetics and visual storytelling. At SONDII, we combine scientific knowledge with artistic design—offering services in academic illustration, journal cover design, and scientific animation—to transform your ideas into stunning visuals and elevate the impact of your research.

1. Science Is Complex—Design Makes It Visible

Modern scientific research is incredibly complex. From high-throughput sequencing to big data and climate models, the outcomes are often presented through dense graphs and highly technical language. A good designer or illustrator can “translate” this abstract, often overwhelming information into visuals that are intuitive and easy to understand.

Whether it’s a detailed illustration of a cell structure or a dynamic animation of a biological process, visuals often communicate more effectively than pages of text. Whether you're sharing with fellow researchers or engaging the public, design plays an irreplaceable role.

2. Good Design Increases Scientific Impact

In today’s information-saturated world, a striking cover image or infographic can make all the difference in getting your work noticed. More and more scientific journals are recognizing the power of visual communication—not just accuracy in data, but clarity and visual appeal in how it's presented.

Designers can help scientists create visuals that are both logically sound and visually compelling, improving the overall quality of research presentation and outreach.

3. Storytelling Is Key—Design Is the Visual Medium

Effective science communication is about more than just facts—it’s about telling a story. Design is a powerful tool for conveying those stories visually. Whether you're curating an exhibition, posting on social media, or writing a science article, experienced designers can help transform complex processes into emotionally engaging and visually impactful narratives.

We offer custom design services for the scientific community, including journal cover design, scientific illustration,and principle-based animations, helping researchers showcase their work with clarity, beauty, and impact.

Research on catalytic materials and catalytic reactions has always been one of the hotspots for scholars, and so are the cover articles related to them. Because of the different research focuses of different articles, some focus on the catalytic reaction itself, some discuss the preparation of catalytic materials, and some pay more attention to the improvement of catalytic efficiency. In addition, the concept of catalysis is a little abstract, which brings certain difficulties to our cover design, how to turn abstract into concrete, highlight the key points and take the overall situation into account, which becomes a problem that all cover designers need to think about. Here, we cite several catalytic cover designs for different research focuses for your discussion.

NO.1 Focus on the overall reaction process

The figure below is a cover art published in ChemComm, whose main research object is an organic synthesis reaction. This kind of cover art needs to show the whole process of the reaction, so in the design idea, we need to consider that the substrate, the product and the catalyst appear in the movie at the same time.

We used the method of building scenes, comparing the two actions of "crossing the bridge" and "reacting" to show the overall appearance of the reaction.

NO.2 Focus on Catalyst Preparation

Sometimes, our main concern is the preparation of a catalytic material rather than a specific reaction. In such cases, our design approach should shift toward the catalyst itself, completely setting aside the reaction process to highlight the key focus.  

The illustration shown is a cover artwork published in Catalysis Science & Technology. It metaphorically represents the preparation process as a road, where a vehicle moves forward, gradually transforming metal elements into stable single-atom catalysts.

NO.3 Focus on Enhancing Catalytic Rate

When discussing catalytic reactions, reaction rate is an ever-present topic. Since rate itself is an abstract concept without a physical form, it is often represented through analogies with real-world objects that embody speed.  

For instance, an article published in Advanced Electronic Materials uses a comparison between a horse-drawn carriage and a high-speed train to vividly illustrate and compare catalytic efficiency.

NO.4 Focus on the Catalyst Itself

As the saying goes, “the essence remains unchanged despite variations.” The catalyst is always one of the fundamental cores of a catalytic reaction. Therefore, many cover articles prominently feature the catalyst itself or its representative imagery at the center of the cover design.  

This approach is one of the most classic representations in catalyst-related cover artworks.

The above are common design approaches for cover artworks related to catalytic research, providing valuable references. However, the latest creative ideas often capture attention more effectively. Therefore, we should continuously explore new concepts and strive for innovation together.

Choosing the perfect dog stroller for your small dog can be overwhelming, especially when balancing quality, functionality, and budget. This guide breaks down key considerations while spotlighting the Hope PC101 Pet Stroller—a standout mid-range option that combines affordability with premium features.

1. Identify Core Needs

A. Usage Scenarios

• Short daily walks: Prioritize lightweight, foldable designs.
  

• Long trips/outdoor adventures: Opt for strollers with strong shock absorption (e.g., rubber wheels + spring suspension).

• Rough terrain (grass, gravel): Choose wide-spaced wheels + anti-slip tires for stability.

Why Hope PC101 Fits:

• 5.5-inch EVA tires + spring suspension handle bumpy roads, brick paths, and light trails.

• Foldable steel frame (collapses to 76cm height) fits easily into car trunks, ideal for urban and suburban use.
  

• B. Dog’s Requirements

• Weight/size: Ensure the stroller’s load capacity ≥ 1.5x your dog’s weight (e.g., 8kg+ for a 5kg dog).

• Health issues: Elderly dogs or those with joint problems need extra cushioning and spacious interiors.

Why Hope PC101 Fits:

• 15kg max weight capacity comfortably supports small breeds like Poodles, Bichons, and Yorkies.

• Spacious cabin (580×320×530mm) offers ample room for dogs to sit, stand, or lie flat, ideal for senior or recovering pets.

• 2. Key Features to Evaluate

A. Material & Structure

• Frame: Aluminum alloy (lightweight & rustproof) > steel (durable but heavier).

• Fabric: Oxford cloth (waterproof & wear-resistant) > basic polyester.

Hope PC101 Highlights:

• High-strength steel frame: Streamlined and foldable (5kg net weight), tested for durability and safety.

• 300D Oxford fabric + TPU mesh: Waterproof, scratch-resistant, and breathable for year-round comfort.

• B. Wheel Design

• Front swivel wheels + rear fixed wheels: Balances agility and stability.

• Wheel diameter >15cm: Better for overcoming small obstacles (e.g., curbs).

• Hope PC101 Highlights:

• 5.5-inch front EVA wheels (360° rotation) + 5-inch rear wheels with dual brakes ensure smooth turns and slope safety.

• Tool-free quick-release wheels outpace competitors’ pin-fixed designs for hassle-free assembly.

• C. Safety Essentials

• Built-in safety leash (prevents jumping out).

• Hard bottom plate (supports spine, prevents sagging).

• Side mesh panels + openable roof (ventilation and interaction).

Hope PC101 Highlights:

• Reinforced base plate prevents sagging, protecting your dog’s spine.

• Removable mesh panels enhance airflow, while the zippere

When drawing scientific illustrations, we often face the choice between bitmap and vector graphics. This article will focus on exploring their definitions and differences for reference.

1. Image Types and Definitions

Vector Graphics: Composed of mathematically defined curves, with anchor points and paths as their basic components.

Bitmap Graphics: Also known as raster or pixel graphics, they are composed of individual pixels. When magnified, it becomes evident that the image consists of tiny square pixels.

2. Image Types and Resolution

Vector Graphics: They are resolution-independent, meaning they can be scaled to any size and printed at any resolution without losing clarity.

Bitmap Graphics: Composed of pixels, so when an image is enlarged, the pixels also get bigger. Since each pixel has a single color, enlarging a bitmap image results in the well-known pixelation effect.

3. Image Types and Color Representation

Bitmap Graphics: Capable of displaying rich and detailed colors, making them ideal for realistic images of natural objects.

Vector Graphics: Due to mathematical constraints, they have limited color representation and cannot effectively depict realistic objects. Instead, vector graphics are often used for icons, logos, illustrations and other simple, clear designs.

In the following images, you can see that bitmap graphics display a wider range of colors.

Bitmap Graphics

Vector Graphics

4. Image Types and File Formats

Common Bitmap Formats: bmp, pcx, gif, jpg, tif, psd of photoshop etc.

Common Vector Formats: AI, EPS, SVG (AdobeIllustrator), dwg, dxf (AutoCAD), cdr (CorelDRAW), etc.

5. Image Type Conversion

Vector graphics can be converted into bitmap images using graphic design software. However, converting a bitmap image into a vector graphic requires complex and extensive data processing, and the quality of the resulting vector image may vary significantly.

Understanding Image Color Modes

The color mode of an image is a model that expresses a certain color in digital form, or a way to record the color of an image. It is divided into: RGB mode (ideal for digital displays), CMYK mode (optimized for print media), HSB mode (intuitive hue-saturation-brightness representation), Lab color mode (device-independent color space), grayscale mode (scientific imaging and monochrome graphics), indexed color mode (limited palette for web graphics), two-tone mode (elegant duotone effects), and multi-channel mode (specialized color separations).

In scientific research and journal cover design, the most critical color modes are grayscale mode (for microscopy and monochrome data), RGB mode (for on-screen presentations and digital publications), and CMYK mode (for high-quality printed journal covers and figures). Understanding these modes ensures accurate color representation in scientific visuals.

1、Gray scale

Definition: also known as grayscale map, the image expressed in gray scale is called grayscale map.

Grayscale color: pure white, pure black and a series of transition colors from black to white.      

Features: It does not contain any hue, that is, there are no colors such as red and yellow.

2. RGB

RGB mode is mainly used for screen display and is a luminous color mode. All colors in nature can be obtained by combining different intensities of the three color wavelengths of red, green and blue (RGB), which is what people often call the three-primary color principle. It is more suitable for electronic journals and can also be used for paper journals.

3. CMYK

CMYK color mode is a printing mode and a reflective color mode. The four letters refer to Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, and Black, representing four ink colors in printing.

CMYK mode is essentially the same as RGB mode, except that the principle of color generation is different. In RGB mode, the color is generated by mixing the colored light emitted by the light source, while in CMYK mode, the light shines on paper with different proportions of C, M, Y, and K inks. After part of the spectrum is absorbed, the light reflected to the human eye generates color. It is more suitable for paper journals.

4, Notes:

CMYK and RGB are the most common color modes in academic journals.

For the mutual conversion of the two image color modes, the CMYK color range (gamut) and RGB mode are relatively small, so the CMYK mode can be converted to RGB mode, while  RGB mode may cause color distortion when converted to CMYK mode.

For example, the two journal covers below demonstrate how color modes impact design: the left cover is in RGB mode, while the right cover has been converted to CMYK mode. Due to CMYK's smaller color gamut, the hues appear more vivid and abrupt, with weaker transitions. This shift is a common challenge in scientific cover design, where accurate color representation is crucial.

This color mode conversion problem is also frequently encountered by many researchers when making diagrams, We hope today’s discussion helps you navigate these color mode conversions effectively!

When discussing the differences between vector graphics and bitmap images, we touched upon a key characteristic of bitmap images—resolution. Indeed, resolution plays a crucial role in scientific image collection and paper preparation. This article will explore the definition of resolution, how to calculate it, and common issues related to it.

1. Definition of Image Resolution

Image resolution is a unique attribute of bitmap images, referring to the number of pixels contained within an inch of an image. It is measured in DPI (dots per inch), often referred to as "pixels per inch" or "dots per inch." Essentially, resolution determines the level of detail in an image, much like the concept of density in physics.

2. How to Calculate Image Resolution

When we know the physical size of an image and the number of its pixels, we can calculate the size of its resolution with the formula shown below.

3. About image size

One thing to pay special attention to is that when we refer to image size, it is not the physical size of the image but the number of pixels (number size) in the drawing software. Usually, the larger the resolution, the finer the image. As shown in the following figure, the physical size of the same two diagrams, the more the number of its pixel grid, the finer the image.

4. Frequently Asked Questions About Resolution

Q1: Since it is said that the larger the resolution, the finer the image, is it true that the larger the resolution, the better the image quality?

From this extreme example above, it seems that increasing the resolution does not affect the fineness of the image when the image has a single color. So, in the face of more complex color images, the resolution can be appropriately increased, while the color of a single image can meet the demand.

Q2：The difference between PPI and DPI.

ppi (pixels per inch): the sampling rate of the image (in the image, the number of pixels contained in each inch), refers to the smallest point of the screen can be resolved.

dpi (dots per inch): print resolution (the number of dots per inch that can be printed, that is, the printing accuracy), in general, can be understood as the smallest physical device can be resolved unit.

The two use different scenarios (screen and print), the definition is slightly different, can be generalized to some extent.

Q3：Can I put an image into Photoshop by directly increasing the resolution to make the image clearer?

It is possible to get Photoshop to increase the DPI, but there is no practical significance, because the total amount of information the image has has already been determined. If you increase the resolution at the same size, it will only result in an unrealistic enlargement of the pixels in the image (the extra pixels are calculated by difference); if you don't limit the size, you will change the size at the same time as you change the resolution. Therefore, the resolution should be determined at the beginning of the image drawing and not hope to change it later.

Q4：Are there any requirements for image resolution in journal submissions?

In journal submissions, generally for color portfolio images, the image requirements are 300 dpi or higher, depending on the journal's author submission guidelines.

For example, the author guidelines on the PNAS website have the following image resolution requirements:

Please supply high-resolution files whenever possible. Resolution of at least 1200 dpi is needed for all line art, 600 dpi for images that combine line art with photographs/halftones, and 600 dpi for images that combine line art with photographs/halftones. Resolution of at least 1200 dpi is needed for all line art, 600 dpi for images that combine line art with photographs/halftones, and 300 dpi for color or grayscale photographic images. Please review the PNAS Digital Art Guidelines.

Introduction to Plastic CNC Machining

CNC machining is one of the most effective methods for producing high-precision plastic components. It offers excellent accuracy, flexibility, and consistency, making it ideal for industries such as medical device manufacturing, aerospace prototyping, and consumer electronics production. Unlike injection molding, CNC machining does not require expensive tooling, making it perfect for low-volume plastic part manufacturing and custom designs.  

Why Choose CNC Machining for Plastic Parts?

- Superior dimensional accuracy – Ideal for tight-tolerance plastic parts.  

- Supports a wide range of plastics – Including  ABS, PC, PMMA, PEEK, POM, and Nylon.  

- No tooling cost – Perfect for custom plastic prototype machining and short-run production.  

- Excellent surface quality – Options for polishing, painting, and custom plastic finishing services.  

• Fast production turnaround – Efficient and cost-effective for low-volume plastic manufacturing.  

Our Expertise in CNC Machining for Plastics

At LEADMAKE, we specialize in 5-axis CNC plastic machining, allowing us to manufacture complex and highly detailed components with extreme precision. Our advanced equipment and experienced team ensure that every part meets the highest quality standards.  

Why Work With Us?

✅ 5-axis CNC machining for plastic parts – Achieve intricate geometries with high precision.  

✅ ISO-certified quality control – Rigorous inspection to guarantee accuracy and consistency.  

✅ Rapid prototyping & small-batch production – Quick delivery without the need for expensive molds.  

✅ Custom finishes for plastic CNC parts – Including polishing, painting, laser engraving, and UV coating.  

✅ Global shipping & fast turnaround – Reliable production with on-time delivery.  

Request a Free Quote Today!

Looking for a trusted CNC machining supplier for plastic parts? At LEADMAKE, we provide custom CNC machining services for plastics, ensuring precision, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. Contact us today for a free CNC machining quote, and let's turn your designs into reality!  

📩 Get in touch now

When choosing stroller for dog​, customers often look for a balance between quality, functionality, and price. In this article, we compare Anhui Hope Pet Products Co., Ltd. ( hopepetize) with three popular international brands—PetStroller, HPZ, and Gen7Pets—to help you make an informed decision based on your needs and budget.

In-House Factory and Design Team: Hope owns its factory and has a professional design team, ensuring high-quality control, faster production, and innovative designs tailored to customer needs.

Practical Features: Most Hope strollers come with essential features like sun canopies, storage bags, and safety straps.

Easy After-Sales Service: As a local brand, Hope offers convenient after-sales support, including easier access to replacement parts and repairs.
Disadvantages:

Best For: Budget-conscious customers with small to medium-sized dogs who prioritize affordability, quality control, and practical design in pet strollers.

High Price: HPZ strollers are expensive, with prices ranging from $200−$400.

As a proud manufacturer of pet strollers for cats and pet strollers for dogs, we know how much your furry friends mean to you. Whether you’re taking your cat on a peaceful neighborhood stroll or giving your dog a break during a long walk, a pet stroller is more than just a convenience—it’s a way to show your pet love and care. But like any frequently used item, pet strollers need regular cleaning and maintenance to stay in top shape. In this blog, we’ll share practical, everyday tips to help you keep your pet’s stroller clean, safe, and comfortable, while highlighting the safety features that make our products stand out.

Why Cleaning and Maintenance Matter in Everyday Life

Let’s face it—life with pets can get messy. From muddy paws to shedding fur, your pet stroller can quickly become a magnet for dirt and odors. Regular cleaning not only keeps the stroller looking and smelling fresh but also ensures it remains a safe and hygienic space for your pet. After all, a clean stroller is a happy stroller!

Our pet strollers for cats and dogs are designed with pet owners in mind. Drawing on our expertise in manufacturing both pet strollers and baby strollers, we’ve incorporated durable, easy-to-clean materials and advanced safety features into every product. This means you can focus on enjoying quality time with your pet, knowing their stroller is built to last.

Everyday Cleaning Tips for Pet Strollers

1. Shake It Out After Every Use

After each walk, take a moment to shake out the stroller’s interior. This simple step helps remove loose fur, dirt, and debris before it settles into the fabric. For pet strollers for dogs, this is especially helpful since larger pets tend to shed more.

2. Keep Wipes Handy

Pet-safe cleaning wipes are a lifesaver for quick cleanups. Use them to wipe down the stroller’s interior, handles, and wheels after each use. This is perfect for tackling muddy paw prints or accidental spills.

3. Vacuum Weekly

Make vacuuming your pet stroller part of your weekly routine. Use a handheld vacuum or a brush attachment to remove hair and dirt from the fabric, seams, and corners. This is a must for pet strollers for cats, as their fine fur can easily get trapped in the material.

4. Spot Clean Stains Immediately

Accidents happen—whether it’s a spilled water bowl or a little “oops” from your pet. Use a mild detergent or pet-safe cleaner and a damp cloth to gently blot stains. Avoid harsh chemicals, as they can damage the fabric or irritate your pet’s skin.

5. Deep Clean Monthly

Once a month, give your pet stroller a thorough cleaning. If the fabric is removable, toss it in the washing machine (check the care label first). Wipe down the frame, wheels, and handles with a damp cloth and mild soap. Don’t forget to clean the undercarriage—it’s a hidden dirt magnet!

Maintenance Tips for a Long-Lasting Stroller

1. Check the Wheels After Outdoor Adventures

If you frequently take your pet stroller on outdoor adventures, inspect the wheels for dirt, rocks, or wear. Clean them with a damp cloth and lubricate the axles if needed to keep them rolling smoothly.

2. Tighten Screws and Bolts

Over time, screws and bolts can loosen from regular use. Every few months, check the stroller’s frame and joints, and tighten any loose parts. This ensures the stroller remains sturdy and safe.

3. Test the Brakes and Safety Features

Before each use, give the brakes a quick test to make sure they’re working properly. Also, check the stroller’s safety features, such as harnesses and zippers, to ensure they’re in good condition. Our pet strollers are designed with the same rigorous safety standards as our baby strollers, so you can trust they’ll keep your pet secure.

4. Store It Properly

When not in use, store your pet stroller in a dry, cool place. If possible, keep it covered to protect it from dust and dirt. This is especially important if you live in a humid climate, as moisture can lead to mold or mildew.

Why Our Pet Strollers Are the Perfect Choice

At our factory, we combine innovation, safety, and practicality to create pet strollers for cats and dogs that pet owners can rely on. Our experience in manufacturing baby strollers ensures that every pet stroller we produce meets the highest safety standards. From reinforced frames to easy-to-clean fabrics, our strollers are built to make your life easier and your pet’s ride more enjoyable.

A Call to Action: Love Your Pet, Care for Their Stroller

Your pet stroller is more than just a tool—it’s a way to show your furry friend how much you care. By keeping it clean and well-maintained, you’re not only extending its lifespan but also ensuring your pet has a safe and comfortable space to relax during your adventures together.

As pet owners, we have a responsibility to provide the best care for our animals. Let’s go the extra mile to keep their strollers clean, safe, and ready for every journey. After all, a happy pet means a happy life!

If you’re looking for a high-quality, safety-tested pet stroller, explore our range of pet strollers for cats and dogs. With our expertise in both pet strollers and baby strollers, you can trust us to deliver products that prioritize your pet’s comfort and safety.